Traditionally, copper metallurgy is not thought to have emerged until millennia later, during the Chalcolithic period. Thus ...

For a number of years, feed raw materials have been rapidly tested by near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) for tight control of ...

Explore how FTIR spectroscopy is used in life sciences to analyze biomolecules, identify compounds, and advance research in biology and medicine.

X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is the emission of characteristic "secondary" (or fluorescent) X-rays from a material that has been excited by bombarding with high-energy X-rays or gamma rays.