Organelles spit out DNA contaminated with damaging components, leading to the activation of inflammatory enzymes, mouse ...
The amount of any given protein in a cell has to be controlled to keep its levels within a range required for healthy ...
Every new life begins after a genetic shuffle. When organisms make eggs or sperm, maternal and paternal chromosomes pair up ...
They derive their energy from differences in the concentration of hydrogen ions across some of these membranes ...
These chains come in a wide range of lengths. In humans a typical protein is about 400 amino acids long; some are a lot longer. Molecules of RNA, one of the two nucleic acids, can reach up to 100,000 ...