The idea of numbers as composed of individual physical particles gave rise to a geometrical conception of arithmetic, with description and handling of numbers in geometrical patterns.

The study of arithmetic properties and digit restrictions in number theory explores the intricate relationships between classical arithmetic functions and the digital representation of numbers.

For Devlin, NPR’s “Math Guy,” Leonardo of Pisa is much more: he’s the man who brought arithmetic to the West — a celebrity of 13th century Italy.

Number System and Arithmetic are the two most basic, but extremely important, topics of Quantitative Aptitude. They make the foundation of one’s QA skills and go a long way in making one do well ...

3. Principal of the present arithmetic operation system The principal of the present arithmetic operation system resides in that ¡°digit number is changed simply by changing a digit-number parameter ...

MANY people find large numbers difficult to understand and hard to appreciate. Hence they do not follow with ease many of the interesting results which have, during the last quarter of a century ...

It is calculated by dividing the number of values in a series by the total of the reciprocals of each number. Thus, the harmonic mean is the reciprocal of the arithmetic mean of the reciprocals.