For the general case of jointly distributed random variables x and y, Goodman [3] derives the exact variance of the product xy. For the special case where x and y are stochastically independent, he ...

This paper gives alternative derivations for the standard variance formulas in two-stage sampling. The derivations are based on a direct use of the statistical properties of the sampling errors in the ...

Adam Hayes, Ph.D., CFA, is a financial writer with 15+ years Wall Street experience as a derivatives trader. Besides his extensive derivative trading expertise, Adam is an expert in economics and ...