Coastal forests in Japan had predominantly been afforested with black pine (Pinus thunbergii), a shade-tolerant tree species that can withstand dry land ecosystems and harsh coastal environments. This ...

Healthy coral reefs provide their adjacent coasts with substantially more protection from destructive tsunami waves than do unhealthy or dead reefs, a Princeton University study suggests. Initially ...

The upper panel depicts the coastal forest pre-tsunami, while the lower panel illustrates the forest post-tsunami. Each column represents the percentage decrease in coastal tree cover resulting from ...