A simple Python algorithm was used to estimate the four major root traits: total root length (TRL), surface area (SA), average diameter (AD), and root volume (RV) of legumes (adzuki bean, mung bean, ...

It is well known that plants use carbon dioxide obtained from the air in photosynthesis to use as energy and grow. Naoki Makita and Maiko Akatsuki of Shinshu University confirmed that a large amount ...

Root systems are critical for water and nutrient acquisition by crops. Current methods measuring root biomass and length are slow and labour-intensive for studying root responses to environmental ...