A Science Immunology Review explains how memory B cells acquire diverse molecular, epigenetic, and tissue-specific programs ...

However, details of the intervening steps, as researchers have learned in the past 65 years, are quite complex — certain cells carry the flu antigen to the immune system, specific immune cells respond ...

As scientists gain a deeper understanding of how the body’s immune system remembers pathogens it must fight, the paradigm for ...

The average human has about 1.8 trillion immune cells. These cells patrol the body for bacteria, viruses, cancers, and other threats. Vaccines enhance this security system by teaching our immune cells ...

While we tend to quickly forget having been ill or having received a vaccine, the immune system remembers remarkably well. It has memory B cells—"trained" immune cells that circulate throughout the ...

University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center scientists have discovered a novel subset of cancer-fighting immune cells that reside outside of their normal neighborhood – ...

Researchers have uncovered a critical, previously underappreciated role for B cells in vaccine protection. Best known for producing antibodies, B cells also guide other immune cells, specifically CD8 ...

When cells are healthy, we don't expect them to suddenly change cell types. A skin cell on your hand won't naturally morph into a brain cell, and vice versa. That's thanks to epigenetic memory, which ...

For decades, dogma dictated that the immune system consisted of two separate branches. Cells of the innate system respond rapidly to molecular patterns shared by a broad array of pathogens. Meanwhile, ...