THE scale method is still regarded as the most accurate and reliable method for measuring refractive index gradients and is extensively used in diffusion and sedimentation measurements. The ...

In this study, we revisit the popular method of measuring the nonlinear susceptibility of a material through Z-scan technique, introduced in 1990 by Sheik-Bahae and ...

Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a technique used to determine particle size distributions of bioformulations. Traditionally, DLS measurements have been used for studying dilute solutions, but ...

Although many studies on graded index (GRIN) lenses have been reported over the past several years, it is extremely difficult to find reports that have used polymer GRIN lenses in an atmosphere ...