Averages are used all the time in finance, usually to justify performance (above average'). However, as an investor, youshould realise there are several ways to calculate an average.The three most ...

The usual ordering of the mean, median and mode for a central chi square distribution is extended for the noncentral case. In this context, the mean is known to be additive, while it is shown that ...

Andy Larsen and I share a fondness for statistics from reliable sources. Valid stats add truth to dispel fact-less beliefs. For example, the U.S. has a median (50% more and 50% less) wealth of $79,000 ...