After my last Signal Chain Basics article, The basics of op amp loop-stability analysis: A tale of twin loop-gains, I received questions about how to generate the open-loop SPICE simulation curves ...
Power supplies use control-loop circuits to produce constant voltage or current. The transfer function—gain and phase as a function of frequency—provides valuable information about a control loop’s ...
Use of 4-to-20-mA current loops involves more than just a simple series connection between sensor, display, and power supply. The point where a sensor takes a measurement is, at times, many yards away ...
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