Conventional neutron numbers are based on the approximations that the mass of the electron is zero and that those of the proton and neutron are each equal to unity. It was shown, by using the exact ...

The relative atomic masses of elements are proportional measures. For example, the Ar for helium is 4.0, and the A r for carbon is 12.0. This means that carbon atoms have three times the mass of ...

Chlorine naturally exists as two isotopes, \(_{17}^{35}\textrm{Cl}\) (chlorine-35) and \(_{17}^{37}\textrm{Cl}\) (chlorine-37). The abundance of chlorine-35 is 75% ...

Researchers developed a method to accurately calculate atomic forces for elements with high atomic numbers with quantum Monte Carlo simulations Ishikawa, Japan-- Atomic forces are primarily ...