Monte Carlo track structure codes provide valuable information for understanding radiation effects down to the DNA level, where experimental measurements are most difficult or unavailable. It is well ...

Monte Carlo simulation of electrons stopping in liquid water was used to model the penetration and quality of electron-beam irradiation incident on the full-thickness EpiDerm™ skin model (EpiDermFT™ ...

Electrons are still almost perfectly round, a new measurement shows. A more squished shape could hint at the presence of never-before-seen subatomic particles, so the result stymies the search for new ...

A spacecraft at near-Earth orbit is continuously bombarded by charged particles. Scientists have now developed a unique model that simulates electron environment in the near-Earth space. A spacecraft ...