Fuzzy differential equations (FDEs) extend classical differential equations by incorporating uncertainty through fuzzy numbers. This mathematical framework is particularly valuable for modelling ...

A new kind of comparison theorem in which an SDE is compared with two deterministic ODEs is established by means of the generalized sample solutions of SDEs. Using this theorem, we can compare ...

We consider model selection and estimation in a context where there are competing ordinary differential equation (ODE) models, and all the models are special cases of a "full" model. We propose a ...

Introduction to differential equations with an emphasis on engineering applications. Topics include first-order equations, higher-order linear equations with constant coefficients, and systems of ...