If humans or animals eat something that causes them to feel unwell, they subsequently avoid this food source. Until now, it has been unclear precisely how this avoidance learning takes place. A new ...

According to estimates, about a third of the world's population is infected with the single-celled parasite Toxoplasma gondii, the pathogen of toxoplasmosis. Although harmless for most people, the ...

How does your immune system decide between fighting invading pathogens now or preparing to fight them in the future? Turns out, it can change its mind. Every person has 10 million to 100 million ...

During infection, reversible switch permits flexible formation of memory T cells, long-lived blood cells that can remember pathogen encounters and respond upon reinfection. Unexpected findings have ...

Scientists have discovered that our specialized immune cells, called T cells, are what they eat -- their switch from functional to 'exhausted' depends on the switch from metabolizing acetate to ...

For years scientists have puzzled over why the intracellular pathogen Salmonella is able to survive — and thrive — in human and animal tissues, even within otherwise hostile cells that are part of the ...

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a crucial organelle present in eukaryotic cells, including human cells. The ER plays a vital part in making sure proteins are properly constructed, and that they get ...

A vivid new image is taking shape in the world of cell biology: Imagine bacteria adhering to the surface of a cell, perhaps at the site of an injury or wound. In response, a white blood cell arrives ...

This movie shows a single naive CD8 T cell. a type of white blood cell involved in immunity activating in response to stimulation through the T cell receptor, with a yellow fluorescent reporter ...